Macro-Rates Monitor

Nigeria Rate Environment
& Fund Impact Report

CBN Policy Watch · Fixed Income · FX · Fund Categories

Report Date
19 March 2026
Data as of Jan–Mar 2026
Source: CBN · NBS · SEC Nigeria
01 — Executive Summary
KEY TAKEAWAY 01

Inflation trajectory is decisively downward. CPI fell from a 34.8% peak in Jun 2025 to 24.48% in Jan 2026 — a 10.3pp drop in seven months — giving the CBN clear room to begin an easing cycle in H1 2026.

KEY TAKEAWAY 02

Money market funds are delivering exceptional real yields. At ~86% annualised vs 24.48% CPI, real yield is approximately +61pp — the strongest positive carry environment in recent memory for naira-denominated cash instruments.

KEY TAKEAWAY 03

Dollar fund holders are experiencing relative losses. NGN has appreciated ~12% from 2025 highs of ₦1,800/USD to the ₦1,550–1,600 range. Dollar fund YTD of 3.61% is being eclipsed by naira-denominated alternatives.

KEY TAKEAWAY 04

Equities and ETFs are the standout performers. Equity funds at 38.04% YTD and ETFs at 48.16% YTD reflect a broad risk-on re-rating as currency stability returns and rate-cut expectations build.

KEY TAKEAWAY 05

Bond funds are positioned to benefit most from CBN cuts. A 50–100bps MPR reduction in H1 2026 would trigger duration-driven price appreciation in FGN bond portfolios, potentially lifting bond fund returns materially above current 9.90% YTD.

02 — Rate Dashboard
🏦
CBN MPR
27.50%
Held Jan 2026
After Nov 2025 cut
▬ HOLD
📉
CPI Inflation
24.48%
Jan 2026
Peak: 34.8% (Jun 2025)
▼ −10.3pp from peak
💱
USD / NGN
1,575
Mid-rate, Q1 2026
2025 high: ~₦1,800
▲ NGN +12% appreciation
📋
91-Day T-Bill
18.5%
Jan 2026 auction
Range: 18–19%
▼ Easing from 2025 highs
📈
GDP Growth
3.8%
Q3 2025 (YoY)
Above SSA avg ~3.1%
▲ Outperforming peers

CBN Interest Rate Corridor — Asymmetric +100 / −300 bps around MPR

24.50%
Deposit Floor
27.50%
MPR (Policy)
28.50%
Lending Ceiling
Corridor width: 400bps  |  Asymmetric: tighter on lending side (+100bps), wider on deposit side (−300bps)
🇳🇬
USD / NGN
₦1,550 – 1,600
Ext. Reserves: $38–40bn (Jan 2026)
Oil (Brent Q1 2026): $75–80/bbl
Reserves cover: ~7–8 months imports
+12%
NGN appreciation
from ₦1,800 highs
03 — Yield Curve & CPI Trajectory

Nigerian Yield Curve — Key Tenors (% p.a.)

30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 27.5% MPR 24.5% Deposit Floor 18.5% 91d T-bill 19.5% 182d T-bill 20.0% 5yr Bond 21.5% 10yr Bond CPI 24.48%
Dashed amber line = CPI inflation. All yields nominal, Jan–Mar 2026. Curve broadly normal/steep from T-bill to 10yr bond.

CPI Inflation Trajectory — Jun 2025 → Jan 2026

40% 36% 32% 28% 24% 34.8% Jun 2025 24.48% Jan 2026 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 2025 → 2026 ↓ −10.3pp in 7 months
NBS CPI data. Trend is clearly disinflationary, supporting a CBN rate-cut cycle in 2026.
Money Market Real Yield (Annualised vs CPI)
+61pp
86% ann. yield − 24.48% CPI = +61.5pp real return
Money market funds (average 16.55% YTD over 10 weeks) translate to ~86% annualised. With CPI at 24.48%, real purchasing power is being preserved and expanded materially. This is among the most favourable real rate environments for naira savers in Nigeria's recent history — driven by the CBN's aggressive tightening cycle.
04 — Fund Category vs Rate Environment
Fund Category YTD 2026 Ann. Equiv. vs CPI (24.48%) Rate Sensitivity Cut Impact Positioning
Money Market
T-bills, CP, bank deposits
16.55%
10-week YTD
~86% +61pp real Medium Yield compression ahead as MPR cuts filter through to T-bill auctions Neutral — Enjoy now, rotate on cuts
Bond Funds
FGN bonds, sub-national
9.90% ~51% ann. +27pp real High (Duration) Strong price appreciation on rate cuts. Duration risk works in holder's favour Overweight — Best positioned for 2026
Dollar / USD Funds
USD-denominated assets
3.61% ~19% ann. −5.5pp real
(vs USD CPI ~3%)
FX Dependent NGN appreciation eroding USD returns for naira investors. Hold only as hedge Underweight — FX headwind persists
Equity Funds
NGX-listed equities
38.04% ~197% ann. +173pp real Positive Catalyst Rate cuts reduce discount rates, boost valuations. NGN stability attracts FPI flows Overweight — Bull case intact
ETFs
NGX ETFs (equity-based)
48.16% ~250% ann. +225pp real Positive Catalyst Best-performing category YTD. Liquidity and low cost amplify equity re-rating gains Overweight — Highest alpha YTD
YTD figures from Rategyde database (Mar 6, 2026). Annualised figures for Money Market based on 10-week run-rate. Ann. equiv. for other categories shown for context only — actual returns are year-to-date 2026.
05 — CBN Rate Scenario Analysis — H1 2026
Bull Case
Prob: 25%
25.50–26.00%
−150 to −200bps cuts by Jun 2026
  • CPI falls below 22% by Q2 2026, giving CBN aggressive cutting cover
  • NGN holds ₦1,500 or stronger; oil stays above $80/bbl
  • Bond funds rally strongly — 10yr yields compress to 18–19%
  • Equity markets surge on lower discount rates and FPI inflows
  • MM funds see rapid yield compression; rotate to duration
  • Dollar fund holders experience further relative underperformance
Base Case
Prob: 55%
26.50–27.00%
−50 to −100bps cuts by Jun 2026
  • CPI declines gradually toward 22–23% range by mid-2026
  • CBN cuts 25–50bps at MPC meetings in Mar and May 2026
  • T-bill yields drift toward 16–17%; bond yields to 20–21%
  • Bond funds benefit moderately from price appreciation
  • Equities continue grinding higher on stable macro backdrop
  • NGN broadly stable; dollar funds remain laggards
Bear Case
Prob: 20%
27.50–28.00%
On hold or hawkish re-acceleration
  • Oil shock below $65/bbl triggers NGN depreciation and re-inflation
  • CPI re-accelerates above 28%; CBN forced to hike or hold firmly
  • Bond fund NAVs fall; duration exposure becomes a liability
  • Equity market corrects as risk premium rises
  • MM funds maintain high yields but real returns compress if CPI rises
  • Dollar funds re-emerge as a defensive hedge on NGN weakness
06 — Investment Implications
Money Market Funds
Lock in while rates are high
With T-bills at 18–19% and MM funds annualising at ~86%, current conditions offer exceptional naira-denominated carry. However, the rate-cut trajectory means yields will compress in H2 2026. Investors should maximise deployment now and watch for rotation signals.
Tactically Attractive — Time-Sensitive
Bond Funds
The primary rate-cut beneficiary
FGN bonds at 21–22% with an easing cycle ahead creates a classic duration trade. As yields fall, existing bond prices rise — particularly for longer-dated instruments. Bond funds are best positioned to capture capital gains over the next 12 months.
Strategic Overweight
Dollar / USD Funds
FX headwinds dominate
NGN appreciation from ₦1,800 to ₦1,550–1,600 creates a structural drag for naira investors in dollar funds. Only meaningful naira depreciation or a significant shift in the rate differential would restore competitiveness. Useful as a tail-risk hedge, not a core holding.
Underweight — Hedge Only
Equity Funds & ETFs
Bull cycle in progress
38–48% YTD returns reflect a re-rating of Nigerian equities as macro stability returns. Lower rates reduce cost of capital, improve corporate earnings outlook, and attract foreign portfolio investors. The equity bull case remains intact through 2026 assuming oil and NGN hold.
Overweight — Momentum Intact
Key Risks to Watch
Monitor these triggers
Oil price below $65/bbl, food inflation re-acceleration due to adverse weather or supply shocks, external debt service pressure, and global risk-off reducing EM appetite for Nigeria are the primary downside scenarios that could reverse the positive macro trajectory.
Risk Management Required
Portfolio Construction
Barbell: MM + Bonds/Equity
A barbell approach — maximising current MM carry while building duration via bond funds and capturing equity beta — appears optimal for H1 2026. As cuts materialise, tilt progressively toward duration (bonds) and growth (equity/ETFs) and reduce pure MM exposure.
Actionable Framework
07 — Key Macro Data Reference
Indicator Value Period Prior / Context Trend
CBN Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) 27.50% Jan 2026 MPC 27.75% (Nov 2025 cut) Easing
Lending Rate (Corridor Ceiling) 28.50% Jan 2026 MPR + 100bps (asymmetric) Tight
Deposit Rate (Corridor Floor) 24.50% Jan 2026 MPR − 300bps (asymmetric) Reference
Headline CPI Inflation 24.48% Jan 2026 (NBS) 34.8% peak Jun 2025 Declining
Core Inflation ~22.0% Jan 2026 Below headline Declining
Food Inflation ~26.0% Jan 2026 Above headline — key risk Elevated
91-Day T-Bill Yield 18–19% Jan 2026 auction Peaked ~22% in 2024 Easing
10-Year FGN Bond Yield 21–22% Q1 2026 Spread ~2.5–3pp over T-bill Positive Slope
USD/NGN Exchange Rate ₦1,550–1,600 Q1 2026 ~₦1,800 high in 2025 NGN Stronger
External Reserves $38–40bn Jan 2026 (CBN) Multi-year high rebuild Improving
Oil Price (Brent) $75–80/bbl Q1 2026 Budget benchmark ~$77/bbl Near Budget
GDP Growth Rate 3.8% Q3 2025 (NBS) SSA avg ~3.1% Above Peers